We use Connectives, conjunctive or linking words to connect an idea to another idea, a phrase to another phrase and give more fluency for our english. The goal is avoid the repetitions of prepositions.
|
Usage |
Connectives/ Conjunctive Adverbs |
|
Addition of ideas |
besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition |
|
Time |
afterward, later, lastly, subsequently, meanwhile/ in the meantime |
|
Order or sequence |
first(ly), to begin with, second(ly), (etc.) finally, after, before, in the end |
|
To signal an example |
for example, such as, to be specific |
|
Results |
as a result, consequently, thus, therefore, hence |
|
Contrast |
but, whereas, in contrast, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, on the other hand/ side, on the contrary |
|
To refer to something |
With regard/ reference to, as to/ for |
|
To summarize or report |
to sum up, in short, on the whole |
Exercises
A. Choose from among these conjunctive adverbs to complete each sentence.
consequently otherwise on the other hand furthermore
1. Buying and living in a 200-year-old house would be interesting; ______________, it would probably be very expensive to maintain.
2. You'll have to start taking better care of your body and stop smoking; ______________, you'll die early.
3. Sandy had a bad experience shopping at that store; ______________, she decided never to shop there again.
4. Growing apples is an interesting hobby which provides me with a lot of pleasure; ______________, I don't need to buy apples at the store.
5. Patricia and Karl lost interest in each other; ______________, they both agreed to a divorce.
6. Golf is a very fun sport; ______________, it's very expensive.
7. The party became kind of boring after Toby left; ______________, everyone went home soon afterwards.
8. If we arrive at the restaurant early, we'll get a good seat; ______________, the restaurant won't feel very lively.
9. You should buy these boots while they're on sale; ______________, you'll have to pay full price next week.
10. When the economy went into recession, business slowed down; ______________, Hector was laid off.
11. They have recruited more people and______________ the service has improved.
12. You had better mend your ways; ______________, you will land in serious trouble.
however therefore in addition
1. The jury found the man found guilty on all charges of murder; ______________, he was sentenced to life in prison.
2. I would like to see the new exhibit; ______________, there might not be enough time to do that.
3. Becoming a doctor isn't easy. ______________ to many years of studying medicine, you have to deal with uncomfortable situations all the time.
4. My friend, Jeff, wants to ask Wanda out on a date; ______________, he's too nervous.
5. Steve wanted more excitement in his life; ______________, he decided to join the U.S. military in hopes of going to Iraq.
6. This is a very useful tool; ______________, it's easy to carry inside a pocket.
7. Carbon dioxide levels are rising in the earth's atmosphere; ______________, temperatures around the planet are increasing.
8. Finding a new job can be a time-consuming process; ______________, it can be costly if you need to buy a new suit and send out resumes.
9. The company she works for is expanding; ______________, it won't start hiring new workers until next year.
10. Tony has stopped watching what he eats; ______________, he's starting to get really heavy.
11. John was tired after a long day at school. ______________, he immediately took a nap when he got home.
B. Fill in the blanks with the best connective. Each connective can be used ONCE only.
therefore to begin with on the whole nevertheless such as with regard to meanwhile moreover
C. Choose the best answer.
1. Muscle cells need lots of fuel and _______ burn lots of calories.
A. moreover B. therefore C. nevertheless D. to be specific
2. Jimmy is adopted and ________ unrelated to Beth by blood.
A. furthermore B. however C. thus D. such as
3. It is completely waterproof, ________ light and comfortable.
A. yet B. besides C. consequently D. to sum up
4. I like beverage, ________ my father likes tea.
A. whereas B. meanwhile C. furthermore D. subsequently
5. That house isn't big enough for us, and_________, it's too expensive.
A. however B. moreover C. yet D. hence
6. It was a windy and rainy night. _________, I decided to go out.
A. On the whole B. Hence C. On the contrary D. Nevertheless
7. _________ the training course, you can download the application form online.
A. In addition B. With reference to C. Thus D. As a result
8. It doesn’t seem ugly to me; _________, I think it’s beautiful.
A. afterward B. therefore C. on the contrary D. as a result
9. Many factors are important, _________ class, gender, age and ethnicity
A. for example B. yet C. finally D. as to
10. He was involved in the murder case. ________, he was sentenced to imprisonment.
A. However B. With regard to C. Meanwhile D. Subsequently
D. Make sentences using the connectives provided.
moreover
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
meanwhile
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such as
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therefore
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however
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in contrast
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yet
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
with regard to
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
on the whole
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